倒装句型？ 英语的倒装句型怎么用？？
是把词语或句子内的重要部分置前以作强调
英语倒装
倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。
2.1 完全倒装
1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词，而非助动词）。
例如：The teacher came in and the class began.（没有倒装）
In came the teacher and the class began. （老师走了进来，然后开始上课。）
2) there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear,exist,lie,remain,seem to be,stand等，一般都译成"有"的含义，构成完全倒装句。
例如：There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.（远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。）
3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词here,there和时间副词now,then开头，后面的动词是be,come,exist,fall,follow,go,lie,remain,seem,stand等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came.
4）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装
5）在强调状语时1）当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为go,come等表示位置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如：
1 Up went the plane.
2 In came the chairman and the meeting began.
注：如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如：
1 Out they rushed!
2 Lower and lower he bent.
(2) 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子须倒装。例如：
1 Round the corner walked a large policeman.
2Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.
3 当句首状语由“only +副词”，“only +介词词组”，“only +状语从句”构成时，句子须倒装。例如：
1 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. （不属于完全倒装）
2 Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.
（6）当句首状语为here,there,now,then等时，句子须倒装，主语是代词时，句子不用倒装。例如：
1）Here is a ticket for you.
2）Now comes your turn.
3）Here he comes.
（7）以关联词so （…that）开头的句子中，句子须倒装。例如：
1）So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
2）So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.
3）So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night.
注：在该结构中，“so +形容词”是表语的前置；“so +副词”是状语的前置。
．在直接引语之后
在叙事性书面语中，直接引语后常跟asked Mary,answered John,said the old lady,grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些
词语中，动词常的主语之前，主语是代词时，不用倒装。例如：
1）“What do you mean?” asked Henry.
2）“What do you mean?” he asked.
. often,many a time等表示频度的状语置于句首时
例如：Often did they think of going there,but they never had a chance.
12．在as,though引导的让步状语从句中
在as,though引导的让步状语从句中，一般将形容词、副词或名词等置于句首。例如：
1）Small as the atom is,we can smash it.
2）Big as the workpiece is,it is turned out with
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。
Out he rushed.
注意：
1) 在here,there引出的倒装句中，当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句，但当主语是代词时，就要用部分倒装句。
例：Here comes the postman！（邮递员终于来了！注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前。）
Here we are.（我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。）
2) 当主语是代词，谓语是系动词，表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时，可以使用完全倒装句，起强调作用。
例：Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.（他真幸运，被一所名牌大学录取了。）
Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.（中国典型的是相声表演，两个喜剧演员通过文字游戏逗乐观众）
2.2 部分倒装
1) 部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。
Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about（疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活）
2) 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法： 例：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.（小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。） In no country other than Britain,it had been said,can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.（据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化）
3) 以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely…… when,never,no sooner…… than,rarely,no more,not nearly,not only等以及only。 Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.
4）一些如scarcely……when,no sooner ……than,hardly……when引导的主从复合句主句要求使用过去完成式。 注意：在部分倒装句中，只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前，其它部分都要置于主语之后。
5）此外，一些介词+no+名词的结构中需要用部分倒装，这些结构包括at no time; by no means; by no manner of means; for no reason; in no case; in/under no circumstances; in no sense; in no way; on no account; on no consideration; at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money. 注意：
a) 如果含有从句时，只要求主句倒装： 例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.（只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。）
b) 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分，不用倒装：
例：It was not until he went abroad that he knew the truth of the fact.（直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。）
c) 如果hardly,scarcely后面接的是any,ever,at all时，意义类似almost no/ not/ never（几乎不、从不），则无须倒装。
例：Hardly any people invited went there.（几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。）
6) 由no matter how,however和how引导的状语从句要求部分倒装，因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面，然后才是主语和谓语，形成形式上的部分倒装句：
例：I know nothing about this river,neither how long,how wide nor how deep it is.（我一点也不了解这条河，不知道它有多长，多宽或多深。）
7) 由as引导的部分倒装句：
a) 当as作为比较意义时，即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时，如果把第一个as省略掉，就形成部分倒装句。
例：Cautious as the rest of her family (was),she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.（正如她家里人一样谨慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。）
She charged the stairs,quick as a rabbit (ran).（她跑上楼去，跑得象兔子那么快！）
b) 当 as引导让步状语时，和although,though一样，当用作“尽管”之义时，可以用于部分倒装句。
Hard as he worked,he did not pass the exam.（虽然他很用功，但他还是没及格）
c) 表示原因时，为了强调起见，也可以倒装。
例：Tired as he was,we decided not to disturb him.（因为他太累了，我们决定不打扰他。）
d) 等于so时，意义是“也，也是”
例：She worked hard,so/ as did her husband. （她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。）
so,neither,nor倒装
除了构成上述倒装句以外，还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话，构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。
a) 当so表示“也，相同，那样”时，通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容，要求使用完全倒装句：
He promised to finish my homework,so did I.
b) so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句，表示强调so /such和that之间的部分：
例：So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her.
c）也存在such+be+主语的情况用以强调，例如Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man of great achievements.（阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦是一个有伟大成就的普通人）
d) neither和nor共有4种倒装形式，其含义分别为：
1) 完全倒装时：表示"也不"，和上文a）用法正好相反，表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容。
例：You don't know what to do now,neither/ nor do I .（你不知道现在该做什么，我也不知道。）
2) 和其它否定副词连用，表示"也（不）"，也要求用完全倒装句：
例：The besieged enemy could not advance,nor / neither retreat could they .（被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。）
注意：若把这句话改成："The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.（被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。）"就不必倒装。
She never laughed,nor did she ever lose her temper.
3) 用在肯定句里，构成一般否定倒装：
例：All that is true,nor must we forget it.（那全都是真的，我们可不能忘记。）
部分倒装作用
有承上启下作用，表示同意和赞同：
例：A: I couldn't do anything for her.（我帮不了她。）
B: Nor you could,but you might have got somebody to help her.（你是不能帮她，但你本可以找人帮她的。）
2) 在进行比较的句子里，如果主语不是代词时，可以倒装：
例：America consumes more energy than did our country.（美国消耗的能源比我们国家多。）
3）在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒装。如May you happy.
4）在文学作品中常出现倒装，有些是由于语法习惯，有些是为了简单的修辞，如Not even one cloud will I bring away（不带走一片云彩）.
不用倒装的地方
注：如果only后面的词组不是状语，则不用倒装.
Only Wang Ling knows this .
如果直接引语后注明引语是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，用倒装结构；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。
" Let's go," said the man .
一、 表示强调:
倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:
1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。
例1:Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你
才可以解决这个问题。
例2:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had
made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。
2. not,little,hardly,scarcely,no more,no longer,in no
way,never,seldom,not only,no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句
子用部分倒装。
例1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下
起了雨。
例2: Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。
3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示
强调so /such和that之间的部分。
例1:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要
价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。
例2:To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors
walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。
以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极
佳的修辞效果。
二、 承上启下
有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧
接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承
上启下的作用。
例1: They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying
on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她
叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。
例2: We really should not res ent being called paupers. Paupers we
are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不
平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。
三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛
在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒
装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。如:
Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图
画。
再如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节:
Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
Over the woodlands brown and bare,
Over the harvest-fields forsaken,
Silent, and soft, and slow,
Descends the snow.
在这一节诗里 ,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中 ,诗人堆砌了七
个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露 ,造成一种悬念效应。全节读
罢 ,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。
四、 平衡结构
英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保
持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常
采用倒装语序。
1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使
句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。
例1:A. To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with
orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders
from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。
例2:A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be
shipped to some other cities.
B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be
shipped to some other cities.
地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。
从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采
用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语
序以取得理想的表达效果。
2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都
提到主语前。如:
Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。
3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。如:
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的
信在这儿。
五、 使描写生动
有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词
(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句
首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。如:
Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。
Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman
pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三
楼跳了下去。
Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了!
Bang came another shot!砰!又是一声枪响!
以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风
采。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。
“Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound.
The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell,
helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ...
“Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred
voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the
window, out run the people. ( Dickens )
作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装
句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the
people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面。
一、全部倒装
1．以here， there， now，
then开头的句子,谓语动词要放在句子的主语之前。这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如：
Here comes the train！
There goes the bell！
注意：如果句子的主语是人称代词，则不能使用倒装结构。如：
Here it comes！ ／ There it goes！
2．有些动词短语以副词out，in，up，down，away等结尾，构成不及物动词短语。这时，为了使句子更形象，常将这些副词提前到句首。这时，句中的谓语动词要放在句子主语的前面，构成全部倒装。（注意，这时句子的主语也必须是名词。如果是人称代词，也不能使用倒装结构。）如：
Up went the rocket．
Up it went．
3．为了强调表示地点的介词短语，常将这个介词短语放在句首，构成全部倒装。注意，这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如：
In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker．
4．表语置于句首，且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。如：
Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat．
5．so／neither／nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者，其倒装结构为“so／neither／nor＋助动词／系动词／情态动词＋主语”（so表示肯定意义，neither／nor表示否定意义）。如：
She has finished her homework，so has her brother．
She hasn’t gone there， neither／nor has he．
但如果so表示强调， 即强调前面所说的情况的真实性时，
其结构是“so＋主语＋助动词／系动词／情态动词”，这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如：
She knows little English，so she does． 她英语懂得不多。她的确如此。
二．部分倒装
1．用于疑问句中。如：
How did you do that？
Did you see the film yesterday？
2．用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句中。如果我们将连词if省略，应把were， had，
should提到主语前面。如：
If you had come yesterday， you would have seen him．
→Had you come yesterday， you would have seen him．
3．用于as引导的让步状语从句中。as引导的让步状语从句引起的倒装有以下几种形式：
1) 副词置于句首。如：
Much as I like it (＝Although I like it very much), I
will not buy it．
2) 动词原形置于句首。如?
Wait as you may(＝Although you may wait), he will not
see you．
3) 形容词或名词置于句首。如：
Proud as the nobles are (＝Although the nobles are
proud), they are afraid to see me．
Child as he is (＝Although he is a child), he can
tell right from wrong．
注意：如果名词前有形容词修饰时，as 引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。如：
A bad-tempered man as he is (＝Although he is a
bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply．
4．具有否定意义的副词或连词(not，hardly，no sooner, not until,
seldom，not once，at no time，never，little等) 置于句首时，
句子（主句）采用部分倒装。如：
Little do we know about him．
No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell
asleep．
Seldom does he come back on Sundays．
Not until he came back did I know about it．
5．only修饰句子的状语（从句）位于句首时，句子（主句）要用部分倒装。如：
Only then did I realize the importance of English．
Only when a child grows up does he understand his
parents’ intentions．
但如果only修饰的是句子的其它成分，则无需倒装。如：
Only socialism can save China．
(only修饰的是句子的主语，故仍用正常语序。)
6．not only…but also… 连接两个并列分句时，第一个分句应使用部分倒装。如：
Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he
often helps others with their lessons．
7．so…that结构中的倒装。有时要强调so所修饰的形容词或副词，常将so
连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首。这时，主句要用倒装结构。如：
He runs so fast that he is far ahead of others．
→So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others．
He is so clever that he can work out all the
difficult problems in the book．
→So clever is he that he can work out all the
difficult problems in the book． （全部倒装）
当主语在谓语前出现时叫顺序（the natural order）。在某些情况下，我们可以把谓语成分放在主语前面，这种词序叫做倒装（ the inverted order）。
倒装分两种：配合语法条例的倒装，叫“grammatical inversion”；配合强调语势的叫“emphatic inversion”。
语法上的倒装句是强制性的，包括下列 7 种：
⒈疑问句，如：
● Can you do it?
● How old are you?
● When did you know him?
● Why did you elect him as captain?
● Which of these apples do you prefer?
但疑问代词做主语时，不必倒置，如：
● Who is your English teacher?
● What happened last night?
⒉表示“愿望”的句子，如：
● May God bless you.
● Long live the king!
⒊“There”引导的句子，如：
● There are many cars on the road.
● There stand some big trees near the river.
● There is a security guard outside the bank.
⒋感叹句，如：
● How beautiful the flower is!
● What a smart boy you are!
⒌有连接词“so, neither, nor”的句子，如：
● Tom can ride a bicycle; so can I.
● She can't sing; neither can he.
● John has never been late; nor have I.
⒍省略连词“if”的条件副词分句，如：
● Were I you, I would not do such a thing.
● Should the machine break down again, send it back to us.
● Had you worked harder, you would have passed.
⒎“as, however”连接的让步副词分句，如：
● Small as the pen is, it is a powerful weapon.
● However busy you are, you should spend some time reading Zaobao weekly.
谈过了语法上的倒装句，现在谈强调的倒装句。
● Never have I seen such a wicked man.
● On no account must this employee be removed.
● Not until he told me had I heard anything of it.
● No sooner had I left than the rain came.
● Up jumped the puppy.
● In came John.
● Down fell the rotten branches from the tree.
● Out came a woman and her maid.
Here you are!
这个句子很常见的倒装句子。
在此句就是 here 前置，表语倒装。
还有，就是， Hardly can i finish the work when i find it is a diffcuilt work.
这种是 表示否定的连接词倒装。
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
